The international phonetic alphabet
(revised to 1993, updated 1996)

Consonants (pulmonic)
  Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Plosive p b         t d     ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ     ʔ  
Nasal   m   ɱ       n       ɳ   ɲ   ŋ   ɴ        
Trill   ʙ           r                   ʀ        
Tap or Flap               ɾ       ɽ                    
Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ
Lateral fricative             ɬ ɮ                            
Approximant       ʋ       ɹ       ɻ   j   ɰ            
Lateral approximant               l       ɭ   ʎ   ʟ            
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.
Consonants (non-pulmonic)
Clicks Voiced implosives Ejectives
ʘ Bilabial ɓ Bilabial ʼ Examples:
ǀ Dental ɗ Dental/alveolar pʼ Bilabial
ǃ (Post)alveolar ʄ Palatal tʼ Dental/alveolar
ǂ Palatoalveolar ɠ Velar kʼ Velar
ǁ Alveolar lateral ʛ Uvular sʼ Alveolar fricative
Other symbols
ʍ Voiceless labial-velar fricative ɕ ʑ Alveolo-palatal fricatives
w Voiced labial-velar approximant ɺ Alveolar lateral flap
ɥ Voiced labial-palatal approximant ɧ Simultaneous ʃ and x
ʜ Voiceless epiglottal fricative
Affricates and double articulations can be represented by two symbols joined by a tie bar if necessary.
ʢ Voiced epiglottal fricative
ʡ Epiglottal plosive
Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i • y ─── ɨ • ʉ ─── ɯ • u
    \ ɪ ʏ   \   ʊ   |  
Close-mid   e • ø ── ɘ • ɵ ── ɤ • o
    \   ə   |  
Open-mid   ɛ • œ ─ ɜ • ɞ ─ ʌ • ɔ
    æ\     ɐ   |  
Open   a • ɶ ─┴─ ɑ • ɒ